Modern Day Hero Essay

H. English 12 February 27, 2013 Hines Ward as a Modern Hero There are very few people in the world today we can consider heroes. These people are almost always brave, honest, compassionate, and smart. These qualities can all be found in Hines Ward. The things that make him a modern hero are his outstanding football career, dedication to charity, and perseverance for equality. Hines Ward would have never been able to achieve any of his goals or aspirations without his football career. It is the vessel that carried him forward in life, and it is what put him on top.Ward started out at a small high school in Atlanta, and then he went to The University of Georgia where he was drafted to the professional football team, the Pittsburgh Steelers. Ward was easily one of the best receivers to play in the NFL by far. In an article written about one of Wards hits where he broke Keith Rivers jaw, Larry Brown says â€Å"Lesson be learned: always go hard and stay on your toes when you’re oc cupying the same space as Hines Ward. Otherwise you’re going to wind up hurt. † (Brown).Just the idea that other players would have to pay attention to a singular player shows his ability. Even if Wards big hits weren’t enough, he is also one of eight people in NFL history to achieve a landmark 1,000 receptions. Hines is also the second player to have 1,000 receptions while also having multiple Super Bowl wins. Ward has been in multiple Super Bowls. In Super Bowl XL, he was recognized as the game’s MVP. Ward caught five passes for 123 yards, and had a touchdown. Even though he won this, he was still as humble as ever.Ward dropped a pass, and in an interview his teammate and quarterback Ben Roethlisberger said â€Å"Hines was going to kill himself because he dropped a touchdown pass. But you know what? He came out and made plays when he had to and that's what he does. † (Super Bowl XL MVP). Ward is and forever will be one of the best players to play the game. There will never be many players who can match his intensity and ability. Although Ward ended up in a not so obscure place, he started very close to the bottom. He was born in Seoul, South Korea to his African American father nd his Korean mother. They moved to Atlanta, and his father left their family. Ward worked his way up from the bottom and had to deal with many obstacles along the way. Ward is very dedicated to helping other people overcome the same obstacles he himself overcame. In South Korea, Ward had to deal with discrimination due to being a mixed race child. After Ward became a professional football player, he was compelled to start a charity that would help deal with the issue of mixed-race discrimination in Korea and everywhere else.Ward called his charity The Hines Ward Helping Hands Foundation. Ward not only donates money, but much of his time to his foundation. In an interview about his charity Ward said â€Å"When I went to Korea and saw, firsthand, the biracial children, I could easily identify with them and they embraced me, like a hero. I do not want to let them down. I want to encourage them by providing them with resources and programs that will enhance their lives and chances for success in life. † (Interview with Eric Kuhn). Ward clearly wants to do his best to help these kids.He shows perseverance and helps to provide these underprivileged children with hope for their future. Other traits that make a modern hero are humility and a positive attitude. Ward is a player that demonstrates both. He is one of the hardest hitting players in the NFL, and one of the most humble. Ward says that â€Å"It's like my mother still tells me, ‘Always be humble, and never forget where you came from. My story is kind of a perfect story, of how I was able to overcome all that. Maybe some other kids can use that as motivation. † (Hines Ward).Ward knows how lucky he is to have all the opportunities he was granted, and he doesnà ¢â‚¬â„¢t take these opportunities lightly. Ward also has a very positive attitude. Many players recall after hitting him, or being hit by him that he always had a smile on his face. In a play against the Seahawks, Ward caught a pass and ran into the endzone for a touchdown. It wasn’t the play that was extraordinary, but it was how Ward made the play. He ran the ball in the whole way, smiling. The NFL even took the picture taken of him making the play and made it into one of their go to advertisement pictures for the next year.The NFL put it on a raft of official publications the next year; it was that iconic, that unusual. â€Å"The NFL put it on a raft of official publications the next year; it was that iconic, that unusual. † (Collier). This one picture shows off Wards entire football career. Ward is just a regular guy, playing the game he loved every day, and doing it all with a smile on his face. He is an inspiration and a role model for all young people to look up to. Ward is easily one of the best people to ever play football, both on and off the field.His positive attitude mixed with his humble upbringing and overall ability is what makes him a modern day hero. Ward retired from the NFL with an unparalled dedication to his team. â€Å"Hines Ward believes he can still play football. The longtime Pittsburgh wide receiver known for his high-wattage smile and his bone-crunching blocks just couldn't stomach the thought of doing it in some strange uniform on some strange field with nary a Terrible Towel in sight. † (Hensley). Ward retired with dignity as an all-time best Steelers receiver, and he is a person that everyone can find some inspiration in.

Sexual Assault Law Reform

During the sass's -sass's significant law reform processes were initiated due to a lack f Just outcomes for the victim and a lack of support from society. Changes to legislation included the broadening of the definition of sexual assault, resulted in attention being taken away from the complainant's personality traits and sexual history and shifted attention too the accused behaviors. Further more it outlawed the Act of Martial rape entirely). This also helped to change victim's position in society, as rape victims were socially condemned because of their experiences.In spite of these significant changes sexual assault cases have the lowest record of lilts verdicts and the highest appeal rate of any crime per capita (Australian institute of family studies) . This assessment will firstly examine the condition in society, which led to the law reform mechanism in the ass's. These reforms were amendments to the Crimes Act 1900. A case study will highlight the condition, which led to thes e changes. Following will identify and evaluate further significant amendments of the crimes act and their changes to legislation.A case study will also highlight this, demonstrating the effectiveness or ineffectiveness of these changes. Further on will include another law reform, discussing its flaws and fairness to society and victims. Throughout the 19th and 20th centuries, women were deemed as property of their father or husbands. Throughout this period sexual assault was known as rape. Any form of rape was viewed as damaging or devaluing a mans property. This reflects a completely male dominated society, where as women are viewed as objects, instead of human beings.The heinous act of marital rape was not seen as a recognizable constitutional offence and was not punishable, as men were ranted marital immunity and a right to sexually involve himself with his partner regardless. As Sir Matthew Hale, Chief Justice, mid-17th century, England said â€Å"The husband cannot be guilty of rape committed by himself upon his lawful wife, for by their mutual matrimonial consent and contract the wife hath given up herself in this kind unto her husband, which she cannot retract†. Hale 2014) Traditionally victims in court were cross-examined using intimidation and humiliating techniques, degrading the victims integrity, twisting events and manipulating laws and precedents in order to disprove sexual offence allegations. Defendants in court were protected by highlighting that victims were ‘asking to be sexually assaulted by dressing seductively or acting in a licentious manner, while also making references to their sexual history. It was also commonly believed, that if a victim failed to report the incident immediately, it was a false allegation.This indicates a lack of procedural fairness, as victims were not given the right of a fair trail, reflecting unjust and unfair social values. Outcomes were influenced by gender, instead of fact, contradicting an ethi cal and Just legal system. (Laughlin, Van De Catch, Mays, & Hunter, 2007). The ease of VGA v the Queen provides evidence of a case highlighting an ineffective Justice system before significant law reforms. The defendant (VGA) was charged in 2010 for the rape of his spouse in 1963.While in court, he argued that he could not be effectively prosecuted because Martial rape was not a recognized crime and did not exist in any form of legislation at the time. He also argued that if he was found guilty, it would break the doctrine against the retrospective application of laws. Prior to law reform, this evidence implies a weak court procedure and subsequent lack of just outcomes for the victim (Boney, 1985). On July 14th 1981, sparked by female advocacy, representing victims of gender inequality, the NEWS government passed the Crime (Sexual Assault) Amendment act 1981.This amendment was a change to the Crimes Act 1900. The aims of the legislation were to make significant changes too flawed l egal system, for both society and victims. It was anticipated that the amendments would protect complainants from further discrimination under the legal system; raise the number of assault reports and sentences; speed up the process of Justice along with the conviction of Guilty party's, whilst maintaining the invitational rights of the accused and serve as a platform for educating the community in changing their attitudes towards victims of sexual assault (Boney, 1985).The common law charge of Rape and attempted rape were revoked and replaced within three sections of sexual assault. They differed in seriousness and also level of sentencing. The definition of sexual intercourse was broadened to include a larger span of sexual acts. The husband and youth under 14 immunity acts were revoked, making marital rape a recognized and punishable crime. The amendment also introduced legislation, which discredited a victim's sexual history as sable evidence. (Boney, 1985) The crimes (Sexual As sault) Amendment Act 1981 are the most important part of sexual assault law reform history.It improved society opinion of victims and increased confidence to report assault.. Although it did raise the number of sexual assault being reported, if failed to critically increase the number of guilty verdicts. Less than fifty percent of the defendants appearing in court are sentenced as guilty (Boney, 1985) . In response to a series of brutal gang rapes in Sydney in 2001, the NEWS government introduced further changes to the Crimes act 1900. This was called the Crimes Amendment (aggravated sexual assault in company) 2001.Aggravated sexual assault is defined as sexual assault in circumstance of aggravation, inflicting grievous bodily hard, committing the offence while being in a group of people, kidnapping the victim or the victim being under consensual age or the victim have a serious physical or psychological disability, thus ruling out the possibility of willing consent. (NEWS Victims s ervices Attorney general and Justice) This legislation was enacted for the purpose of discouraging gangs of predominantly males of committing gang rape.Gang rape is the act of a group of sexual assault offenders committing the act of sexual assault on one or more victims one after the other. It gave Judges a set life sentence for the crime of gang rape, instead punishment as they see fit. The case below analyses the implications of a lack of a set sentence and the problems that arise (The Free Dictionary – 2014) . In 2002 a series of gang rapes occurred throughout the city of Sydney, lead by Muslim man, Bilabial USAF.USAF and his accomplices were charged with multiple offences including aggravated indecency, perverting the course of Justice, aggravated sexual intercourse thou consent and aggravated indecent assault in company. Multiple victims suffered at the hands of USAF and his followers, some of these accomplices being his own relations (NEWS parliament library research p rogram) . USAF was originally sentenced to fifty-five years in Goal with no Parole. This sentence was later reduced to forty-six year after an appeal to the criminal court, to which e appealed again and was granted 26 years.The importance of this case is the legal issues that were raised which led to significant amendments. Some of these issues are as follows (HOC Legal studies topic). Due to a Jury misconduct during Safe court procedure, Safe case was retried. This caused a backlash in society due to wasted taxpayer money, based on Safe need for legal aid. He demanded a Muslim lawyer, after claiming all white lawyers were racist. This reflects a waste of society resources (HOC Legal studies topic). In addition to this issue, there was the emotional instability from the victims of USAF at the thought of refining him in court.One victim quoted ‘ I wish they were dead, run over by a bus†. The victim highlights the ineffectiveness and insensitivity of the legal system. The fact of a re-trial demonstrates natural Justice for the accused, but demonstrates unjust gaps for the victim (HOC Legal studies topic). Due to the re-trial in the case, a victim impact statement was necessary. The psychological and physical impact on the victim caused by Safe actions was substantial. The idea of victims refining their attackers more than once highlight the inefficacy of the court system and the disregard to victim's state of mind.For these reasons, a victim impact statement was introduced (HOC Legal studies topic). A significant issue raised, was the matter of the original entente. In his case, USAF was sentenced to fifty-five years for Gang- rape. This contradicts legal logic, as the sentence far outweighs the punishment for murder, which carries a sentence of twenty-five years. This encourages other sexual offenders to not only sexually assault their victims but to murder victims and dispose of incriminating evidence ( HOC Legal studies topic).Although in contrast to the previous point, Safe reduced sentence labels the legal system as flawed and weak. A Victim quoted ‘The court system is riddled with flaws'. Reports from the media have valued the continuation of Safe psychopathic behavior, in spite of receiving a life sentence. In 2003 the media obtained pictures of Safe goal cell, where he had drawn pictures of him sexually assaulting women. This further more let down society, as they believed the sentence was too lenient, and a waste of taxpayers money (HOC Legal studies topic).It was for these reasons the government introduced the Crimes Sexual Assault in Company Act . It gives Judges the power to condemn life sentences with no racial implications. It gave society and victims a stronger sense of satisfaction tit the fact of a set sentence for the crime. It benefits society in the way that their resources are being wasted on accused demands for legal aid, as it is difficult to battle for a reduced sentence. It assisted to neutralist the inconsistencies in the court systems that as evidence shows in the prior case are common ( HOC Legal studies topic).In 2007 the NEWS Government introduced the Crimes Amendment (Consent – Sexual Assault Offences) Act 2007, which was an Amendment of the Crimes Act 1900. The legislation amended the legal definition of consent, and the finite requirements needed to engage in sexual behavior with another person. It also gave explicit examples where consent cannot be given (NEWS attorney and general) . The legislation redefined the statutory definition on consent and put emphasis on outlining when and when a victim may or may not have the ability to consent in sexual behaviors.The amendment stated that if a person is, heavily intoxicated with drugs or alcohol, unconscious, asleep, harassed or extorted to engage or forced from a position of power and authority, consent has legally not been given ( NEWS attorney and general). The legislation has also provided a significant change in court procedure. The reforms have made it so the responsibility of proving beyond reasonable doubt in regards to consent is now the task of the defendant. Prior to the law reform it was the job of the complainants prosecution.It has also served an educative purpose, in the way that it lets members of society know the correct procedures in assuring consent ( NEWS attorney and general). The legislation is balanced with both positive and negative factors. It is now the responsibility of the defense to prove there was consent, which in some cases can be adequately difficult, sometimes impossible to prove † beyond reasonable doubt†. This provides instability on the ground of Justice, as in some cases allegations are proven to be false (NEWS attorney and general).The Consent (sexual offences) act provides Justice and fairness for victims, but also provides complications for defendants charged under false allegations. There is a mixture of both fair and unfair qualities in the legislation (NEWS attorney and general). In conclusion evidence provided regarding reforms, cases and legislation highlight he positive and negative qualities of Justice for victims, defendants and society as a whole. Fact suggests that the legal system struggles to satisfy society and victim simultaneously while keeping the conventional criminal rights and procedural for defendants intact.Facts from the cases have outlined the flaws in our legal system whether it is under common or stature law. In order to maximize the effectiveness of legal system and the conditions of our statuary law reforms, the public must be made more aware of the rules and regulations regarding sexual assault. Then and only then, will we have a Just and fair society. References Mileage P, Dally K, Webster P, corn D, Kelly T (2009). Cambridge Legal Studies – Preliminary Second Edition – London. Conventional and innovative Justice responses to sexual violence.

Linear B Archives and the Mycenaean World

What part do the Linear B archives make to understanding the Mycenaean universe in regard of one of the followers: societal administration, cult patterns, stock genteelness and agribusiness, warfare, bronze working? The Linear B archives provide us with the earliest primary grounds about Mycenaean palatial civilizations [ 1 ] and an alone penetration into the nature of Mycenaean warfare. The archives consist of about five 1000s clay records [ 2 ] and contain information on armor, arms, chariots, naval warfare and subordinate inside informations about possible military personnels. The importance of these paperss is greatly enhanced by the complete deficiency of historical histories [ 3 ] from this epoch, and besides the fact that about all of the ideographs used in the archives are devoted to armor, arms, Equus caballuss and chariots [ 4 ] agencies that they are of intrinsic value to the apprehension of warfare in the Mycenaean universe. However, there are restrictions with the Linear B archives, peculiarly in footings of their chronological scope, stock list manner and possibly bias representation of the importance of warfare under normal fortunes. It is besides of import to see what other finds have made critical parts to our apprehension of Mycenaean warfare, such as the castles themselves, lasting arms and representations of war or armor in art. Since all of the tablets come from the palatial Centres, one of their most of import parts is that they tell us straight about the economic systems of the castles and that their chief focus’ were ‘military preparedness’ [ 5 ] , defensive schemes and the wealth to back up these things. The Linear B archives record information about the production, renovation and besides the distribution [ 6 ] of many different types of military equipment. It is possible to construe from the archives, that the Mycenaean’s used a really centralized system to garner and organize military equipment and that this was based around the chief palatial composite. Evidence for this can be seen in a tablet from Pylos which lists 16 different topographic points that were responsible for providing an sum of bronze in the signifier of caputs for pointers and lances [ 7 ] . The tablets besides straight show the extent that these castles were concerned with holding a to the full equipped fo rce [ 8 ] , this is chiefly due to the sheer figure of mentions to armor and arms throughout the archives. The many tablets picturing armor are particularly utile when seeking to understand Mycenaean warfare. Tablets at Tiryns [ 9 ] , Pylos and Knossos all record suits of armor and supply us with grounds for the usage of armor across a wider scope of palatial Centres than archeological discoveries would propose. At Pylos the tablets mention at least 20 suits of armor with the ideographs for a cuirass and a helmet, and at Dendra there are at least one hundred and 40 suits recorded in the chariot tablet [ 10 ] . The ideograms themselves are of great value because organize them you can see the manner and type of armor which is really similar to the suit which was discovered at Dendra and those described by Homer [ 11 ] . Not merely do the archives provide grounds for the usage of armor they besides give us some indicant of the value of the armor itself. In some tablets the ideograph for armor is replaced with one for a bronze metal bar [ 12 ] , this could be interpreted as a representative of the value of the armor or possibly as an approximative measure of stuff used to do the armor itself. A farther part made by the archives is the being of an illustration on the contrary of a tablet. The drawing shows a adult male have oning cracklings and pulling his blade, and was likely the work of a Scribe while he was waiting to do his recordings [ 13 ] . This is peculiarly interesting as it allows us to see the influence that warfare may hold had on a member of Mycenaean society who chose to chalk out this scene and its shows the arm and armor which was associated with a soldier. Weapons are an indispensable portion of warfare and were a major resource recorded in the tablets. The importance of arms to the Mycenaean’s can be clearly seen in a tablet from Pylos which records a measure of recycled bronze by the figure of pointer or spearheads it would be able to do [ 14 ] . The tablets besides contribute to our cognition of which stuffs were being used to fabricate arms, for illustration we can state that most arms were being made from bronze because articles of Fe were ne'er mentioned in the tablets [ 15 ] . The usage of ideographs to picture arms allows us to partially see how the arms would be used ; thrusting lances, throwing javelins, slings and bows are all shown in the tablets [ 16 ] . The ideographs are besides utile because it is possible to compare types of blades or stickers by looking at what is different between each separate ideograph. In the Linear B archives there have been big Numberss of tablets devoted to chariots or their furnishings. Many of these parts have unsmooth terrain so this is frequently seen as peculiarly surprising. One illustration is the part around Knossos, which was, and still is, particularly cragged and the lone manner to utilize a chariot would be to convey it to the beach or to the fields some distance off [ 17 ] . Records associating to chariots include ; a tablet from Pylos naming one hundred and fifty one chariot wheels [ 18 ] , and the Knossos tablets having several hundred chariots and trim parts [ 19 ] along with single stock lists which record a name, chariot, Equus caballuss and a suit of armour [ 20 ] . However, of peculiar involvement in footings of chariots are a few texts from Knossos and Pylos. The first, from Knossos, records the distribution of defensive armor to each of the chariot crew [ 21 ] . The texts from Pylos, which were found in the Northeast Workshop, list leather points that relate to chariots, some illustrations are reigns, hackamores, espousals and saddlebags [ 22 ] . These groups of tablets provide us with information that non merely supports the other Linear B grounds, but besides archeological discoveries every bit good. The archives have far more limited information in footings of naval warfare. At Pylos there are some ill-defined mentions to over six 100 ‘rowers’ [ 23 ] , and lists of coastal colonies [ 24 ] , when considered together, these could be interpreted as naval administration or defensive readyings. A farther of import add-on to our cognition of naval warfare is the pulling found on the contrary of a tablet in Pylos, its shows an image of a ship. The image is non merely comparable to an ideograph used on a tablet from Knossos, but it besides resembles the ships used non by the Mycenaeans but the Minoans [ 25 ] . One could reason that there were possible convergences in the manner of ships used from the Minoan period into the Mycenaean epoch. The parts made by Linear B are undeniable, but on the other manus it is besides critical to see the disadvantages that these archives have. The records themselves were non intended to be long permanent [ 26 ] as they were merely preserved by opportunity. They are in a manner comparable to the modern post-it note: a disposable, inexpensive and movable manner of entering informations. The endurance of the tablets is besides wholly random [ 27 ] , which means that we are frequently left with disconnected subjects and it impossible to state how complete the archives we have are. The archives are besides merely based on a certain group of palatial Centres and so there is a possibility that there were some differences bing between these and others [ 28 ] . Therefore intending that utilizing the archives to acquire a image of the full Mycenaean universe is non dependable. A farther job with the tablets is the possibility that there are inaccurate. For illustration, those found in the ‘Room of the Chariot tablets’ , have been interpreted, by some, to be scribal exercisings and non echt records, the ground for this reading is that they were all written by different custodies in the same characteristic manner [ 29 ] . If this was the instance so much of our grounds for chariots would no longer be valid and the statement for their usage in cragged countries would be far weaker. The archives besides have immense chronological restrictions in footings of their scope as they are either limited to the last twelvemonth or so before the devastation of the castles, or they are random dateless old ages [ 30 ] . The maximal scope of the archives has been dated to between 14 hundred and twelve hundred BC, and each of the paperss merely refers to the current twelvemonth [ 31 ] . This makes it highly hard to determine information sing tendencies or forms across the whole of the Mycenaean epoch. It is besides of import to take into consideration that these records represent what can merely be seen as a period of agitation for the Mycenaean civilizations. The twelvemonth before the devastation of the castles would hold likely been far more militaristic than ordinary twenty-four hours to twenty-four hours life. In the tablets we see illustrations of particular commissariats made for this clip of warfare, one such illustration was Bronze Smiths being excused from holding to pay revenue enhancement because they were so busy doing arms [ 32 ] . The tablets from Pylos include records of parts of gold [ 33 ] and specific weights of bronze [ 34 ] from local functionaries ; it could be possible that this was to finance the war attempt. These records may so be giving us imbalanced position of the precedences of the Mycenaeans, and that possibly under less pressing times there is a much smaller focal point on warfare. Since the Linear archives are about wholly made up of stock lists [ 35 ] , it is exceptionally hard to understand either how objects were used or the nature of warfare itself in the Mycenaean universe. This is peculiarly important when you consider that none of the paperss record the being of an existent ground forces [ 36 ] . It seems apparent that although the archives provide us with a great sum of information, they do hold their restrictions. In order to to the full understand Mycenaean warfare it is besides necessary to see the archeological grounds that we have available. For illustration, the castles themselves show grounds of a demand for strong defense mechanisms. The edifice works which took topographic point before their devastation are a clear indicant of readying for besiegings and onslaughts ; in peculiar the debut of H2O supplies [ 37 ] that would let those inside the walls to last, even under a long term besieging. Furthermore the parts in footings weaponry from the archives are much more valuable to us when we use it aboard existent lasting arms and armor. One of the most of import finds was the Dendra armor, a full bronze corselet and neckpiece [ 38 ] which is made from a figure of single sheets of bronze [ 39 ] . Armours of this type were recorded in tablets at both Knossos and Pylos [ 40 ] and the armour type can be clearly recognised by the ideograms themselves. We can besides utilize comparings between archeological grounds and the tablets to follow different types of blade, and by making so it is possible to see some possible alterations in military patterns [ 41 ] . Since the archives consist largely of stock lists it is utile to see these points as represented by the Mycenaeans, in peculiar through art, which gives us the chance to see word pictures of chariots, arms and armor in usage. One such illustration of this is the ‘Silver Siege Ryhton’ from Shaft Grave four, which depicts an onslaught on a walled colony [ 42 ] . What is peculiarly interesting is that this is a seaborne onslaught and so could associate to the tablets naming coastal colonies from Pylos ; it besides shows an bowman [ 43 ] which supports information on arms. Another vas which provides utile information is the ‘Warrior Vase’ from Mycenae, this shows six work forces processing on each side of the vase. The work forces all wear white spotted, horned helmets, and carry lances and shields. They wear cracklings, abruptly fringed skirts and corselets [ 44 ] . The subject of processing soldiers is besides seen on the ‘Painted Grave Stelae’ from Mycenae [ 45 ] . It is possible so to acquire some thought of how the equipment of a soldier would be put together and to see that warfare had a large influence on Mycenaean art. The usage of Sus scrofas tusk helmets is far more emphatic through art than in the archives, for illustration ; in the fresco from Akrotiri which is dated to about 16 hundred BC [ 46 ] , and on a carven tusk alleviation from the house North of the ‘Oil Merchants’ which shows a Mycenaean warrior have oning a Sus scrofas tusk helmet. These illustrations are important because they represent the demand to see the Linear B tablets every bit merely one portion of the image, and non as a exclusive subscriber to our apprehension of Mycenaean warfare. In decision,

Physical Chemistry Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Physical Chemistry - Essay Example This motivated John Dalton to study what makes different reactions unique. John Dalton, in his childhood years was educated by his father, and a man who managed a private school, called John Fletcher. He gained a wide understanding of science from the unofficial tutoring by  John Gough. At age 27 he was appointed to teach mathematics and  natural philosophy  at the  New College  where he taught for 7 years (Emery, 1988). Dalton formulated the theory after carrying out experiments into the behaviour of various gases. These experiments were based on 2 laws. The first was the law of  conservation of mass (by Antoine Lavoisier) that posits that the overall mass in a chemical process does not change (Dial, et al., 2009). The next law was the  law of definite proportions (by Joseph Proust) that posits that when a compound is stripped into its basic elements the masses of the basic elements will have similar quantities, irrespective of the amount of the original material. As a follow-up to the experiment conducted by Proust on oxides of tin, John Dalton conducted the same experiment on the oxides of tin. He also experimented with water and how it absorbed carbon dioxide and nitrogen. Dalton also started the study of various atomic weights depending on the combinations of the mass proportions, while taking the hydrogen atom as the base standard.   From the laws Dalton established the  law of multiple proportions that posits that when 2 chemical elements combine to produce more than one likely compound then the proportion of the second element’s mass that joined with a specific mass of the first element will be represented as proportions of whole numbers (Niaz, 2001). The results of this laid the foundation for Dalton’s Atomic Laws. These are made up of five theorems. The first theorem posits that an element, in its unmixed state, is made up of particles referred to as atoms. The second posits that all the atoms in

What Shapes External Competitiveness (Compensation Strategy) Essay

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MANAGEMENT OF HEALTH PROGRAMS (Module 2 SLP Topic - Quality Essay

MANAGEMENT OF HEALTH PROGRAMS (Module 2 SLP Topic - Quality Management) - Essay Example The Arizona Department of Corrections Division of Health Services, even in the face of the questions posed above and many more, established a Total Quality Management (TQM) model in 2000 (2008). Several benefits have been reaped already due to this move including large savings to a constrained budget. It can be appreciated that under such dynamic conditions as being under a correctional facility, the departments under this division host several cultures and the issue of diversity cannot be ignored. Health Services offers comprehensive services covering medicinal, dental, mental health, occupational health and pharmaceutical help just to name a few. These services are carried out as per TQM policies, are well documented and backed up with continuous staff development programs (Shriro, 2003, p. 4). The use of modern technology in services such as the Remote Correctional Pharmacy System Access (CIPS) and Telemedicine reduces constrains on the labor force. These systems make it possible for secure transfer of medical details of transferred inmates from the county office to the requisite correctional facility without need for the physical presence of a corrections officer cutting down on internal failure costs. Video conferencing under the telemedicine program make it possible to gain medical interventions for provision of professional care to patients without actually leaving the facility thus reducing the exposure of the general populace in conventional clinics and hospitals to i nmates, a saving on prevention costs. e-Business solutions reduce travel and time as well as promotes continuity of care (24 - 31). The division competes for services of health care professionals with all other government departments and has not been spared from staffing problems. This increases the cost of care due to contraction of services to part-time staff that require higher

Approaches of the Balance of Payment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Approaches of the Balance of Payment - Essay Example Balance of payment is an important section of the national economy of a country. It constitutes a major part. The report will primarily highlight the importance and relevance of balance of payment. Further it will emphasize on one of its approaches and will depict the importance of that approach in the present business environment. However in this respect, the elasticities approach will be highlighted. Similarly its relevance in the present business environment will be discussed. Nevertheless before getting into the discussion a brief overview of balance of payment is presented below:- The Balance of payment (BOP) can be referred to as one of the economic indicators which are mainly used to determine the political and economical stability of a country (Nayak 172). It takes into account the trade balance, financial transactions with the other countries for a specific period of time. Apart from this balance of payment distinguishes all the exports and imports, which embraces all the financial transactions, and it also differentiates monetary differences of the economic transactions. Now in the context of a country, if it has a positive BOP, then it signifies that a country has more funds coming in from the international trade than going out. While negative BOP illustrates that, a country has more funds flowing out than coming in. Elasticities approach is an approach of BOP that tries to predict the outcome after the impact of policy changes on BOP. In order to cite an example, elasticities approach primarily shed light on the impact of exchange rate on the balance. Furthermore, if the balance of payment is in equilibrium state, the elasticities approach assumes that the devaluation can certainly enhance BO (Gagnon, â€Å"Long-run supply effects and the elasticities approach to trade†). However devaluation to perform successfully, price elasticities of foreign demand of import and domestic demand has to

Why St Vincent Hospital in NEW YORK closed due to budgetting issues Essay - 1

Why St Vincent Hospital in NEW YORK closed due to budgetting issues - Essay Example In 2010, St Vincent Medical Center closed its doors. St. Vincents Hospital was a nonprofit charity-funded hospital in New York which provides, according to hospital mission, complete general acute health care services inclusive of medical, surgical, psychiatric inpatient, emergency care and other outpatient services. St Vincent’s represented an iconic place for being one of the third oldest hospitals in New York and for sharing so much historical events. It has treated victims of calamities: the cholera epidemic of 1849, the sinking of the Titanic in 1912, the 9/11 attack and, just few years , the Hudson River landing of US Airways Flight 1549. Creating a budget is often one of the most challenging tasks when creating a nonprofit organization. A budget is the expression, in financial terms, of the plan of operation designed to achieve the objectives of an organization. It lays out where the money is coming from and where it is intended to be expensed. There are many reasons why St Vincent’s Hospital should have had a stringent budget in place - including its obligation to spend conscientiously as it was somebody else’s money - and very few for it to have inefficiency in this practice. Why it chose the latter is anybody’s guess. Or maybe there is more to the story. St. Vincent’s has a long history of financial troubles dating back far before the problems of the last few months came to light. It filed for Chapter 11 in 2005 and emerged from bankruptcy in 2007. One would have thought the troubles were over: Far from it actually. By the time 2010 rolled in, it was $700 million in debt and losing $10 million a month. The lucrative location of the hospital – on the West Side of Manhattan on 59th Street – could not save it. After closings its doors in 2010, St Vincent is survived by 3,500 jobless employees and more than 200,000 New Yorkers who do not have

Create advertising development Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4250 words

Create advertising development - Essay Example Again, millions of people in the world today are enjoying an exceptionally wide range of products offered by Unilever in all segments of retail from food to cleaning materials. The final executing materials form the online advertisements shows that Lipton is one of the largest refreshments brands in the world. It delivers the best in the sell of tea brands and currently is available in more than hundred countries (Blanchard and Ben 2012). This shows that it is one of the leading companies in the world. Lipton offers an array of tea based drinks from tealeaf bags and Lipton ice tea soft drinks. Critical evaluation of the rain forest alliance certified tea farms shows that there is a commitment of sustainability where by Lipton tea bags come from rainforest alliance certified farms by the year 2015. This means that there is an assurance of tea which is sourced from farms which respect good conservation practices and payments on fair wages to the labor as far as harvesting is concerned. Consideration to this information is that it offers a wide range of tea products with different tastes, options and preference and still on the same; the product focuses on innovation on strong brands. Lipton aims to have all the tea sold in turkey by 2018 which is fifth largest producer of tea in the world, and it will be sourced from accredited farms. The above information is gotten from online because I wanted to know the current and clear information about Unilever brand. Presently, the target products on mass markets are generally positioned in the middle of the tea price. Most of branded teas of Lipton’s are bled and selected from many different plantations around the world like Kenya and china which are well known countries producers. Critical evaluation of initial searches for information shows that Lipton global market shares outstanding brand available in 110 countries (Porters et al 2004.

Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 107

Assignment Example Chapter 22 is called genitourinary alterations. This chapter talks about diseases that attack the urinary tract and the genitals. The chapter further provides treatment and nursing care for victims suffering from genitourinary alterations. It also talks about the pathophysiology of these alterations. Chapter 23 on the other hand, talks about gastrointestinal alterations. These are defects that affect the gastrointestinal tract. The chapter then goes deeper to further elaborate on these alterations. The chapter then gives as ways in which we can take care of patients diagnosed with these alterations. Chapter 24 talks about respiratory alterations. These are diseases that affect the lungs and trachea; the respiratory system. These alterations hinder with the intake of oxygen in the body and may also lead to an increase in production of carbon dioxide in the body. The chapter then tells means of controlling and treating these alterations. In conclusion, upon completion of the reading of this book a student should be able to know pharmacological treatments for these alterations. Pharmacology deals with the study of drug action. Hence one should know which drug is appropriate for which disease and how the drug acts in the

Lindt Truffles Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Lindt Truffles - Essay Example The product has lived up to his expectation and satisfied him. This makes him fall in love with the brand and not just become a consumer for life, but in effect a brand ambassador for the company. Good things in life are never free. If you have to consume the world’s finest brand of chocolates, you have to pay a price that is very fine too. Lindor Lindt Trufles are one of the most expensive chocolates in the world. The price itself brings out the target market for the Truffles; they are targeted towards the rich and well off people who can afford and who want to pay a very high price to consume. Price is a major factor, but not the only one. Another factor which identifies the target market for Lindt Trufles is people having aristocratic taste and love for fine items. They need not be very wealthy, but they need to have understanding of the value of things. Demand for Lindor Lindt Truffles is likely to be very stable and not affected by other factors. Although a seasonal variation is likely to occur, but in most cases the demand is fairly inelastic. This is because the consumers are unaffected by other events occurring such as changes in economic or political conditions. Also the chocolates happen to be a very insignificant portion of one’s income; it is not likely to be affected by changes in income. Chris Alleny. Best Chocolates in the world. Articles Base. November 28th 2008. Online. Available at: http://www.articlesbase.com/food-and-beverage-articles/best-chocolates-in-the-world-662334.html. [accessed: 16 April

Describe Scene Essay Example for Free

Describe Scene Essay Cameran Highlands is accessible by road. Cameran Highlands is about a 3 hours drive either from KL or Penang Its strategic location makes it a favourite weekened escape for cityfolk/ city-dwellers from all over the coutry. It is a popular haunt for both local and foreign tourists to let their hair down. For those who are faint-heated the ride along the steep, narrow roads can be quite an unnerving experience as there are numerous hairpin bends along the route from Simpang Pulai. After about a three-hour ride in Dad’s Pajero, we finally reached Kampung Raja. We could feel the goose-pimples on our arms. We had to put on our jackets to keep ourselves warm. Standing about 1400 metres above sea level, this hill resort is certainly an ideal retreat for city dwellers like us who long to get away from scorching tropical heat. Besides, its high altitude together with its invigorating coolness will leave a person refreshed and is the ideal place for the rat-race and the hustle and bustle of city life. Read Also:Â  Descriptive Essay Rubric On our journey to Tanah Rata, we stopped at a scenic lake. Although the chilly weather and freezing water will make us to think twice about whether or not to don our swimming wear, we can enjoy the solitude of nature with only the swish swashing of the gurgling water to disturd us. Thus, in spite of the cold weather, my little sister, my brother and I could not resist the urge to jump into the water and splash around. Hardly a minute in the ice cold water and we were out again, teeth chattering. At Tanah rata, we checked into a motel. As soon as we had dumped our luggage in our rooms, we went out again. The street in which our motel was situated had a fine vista of a sprawling town against a backdrop of lush greenery. At that moment , We felt ravenously hungry, Hence, we settled for a sumptuous meal of nasi kandar. Undeniably, the number of eateries that have sprung up is indeed alarming. Satiated, we turned in for the night. We put on the appropriate gear and headed for Gunung Beremban for an hour of jungle-trekking. Hikers will certainly enjoy traversing the jungle paths, for they are well-maintained and easy to follow. If you find the jungle trails a little monotonous, the blossoms of brightly coloured wild flowers along the way will provide an interesting diversion. My mother, who is extremely afraid of heights, was soon down on all fours, not daring to look down and yelling at the top of her voice. It was such a rib-tickling sight. Our next destination was a tea plantation.

International and global language

International and global language Introduction During the time, human societies across the world begin to contact with each others. When we travel to different countries we can find many similarities. The style of living, eating, shopping among people of different cultures are in the same way. Mc Donalds restaurants around the world are an example of these similarities. Globalization, which includes these meanings, is the process in which interrelation and interdependence of the world increases, specially in the last two decades. Technological improvements made easy for people to communicate better, for instance through internet they can communicate, travel and do international businesses easily. Globalization has increased opportunities for almost every one. Globalization helps human to exchange the ideas and beliefs. Today, much religion, historic and scientific books are available among different people from different nationalities. In the 21th century the English language plays an important function in the development of globalization. Today English become an important language for communicating. Many people use English language for varies purposes in their daily life. English is the language of technology and internet. Without knowing English we cant have a successful life. English is a vehicle for participation in the global economy. Parents want their children to learn English to have a better future. By learning English they can enter to the international trade and business. The global spread of English over the last 40 years is remarkable. English penetrate into many societies. Over 1.4 billion people live in countries where English has official status. One out of five of the worlds population speaks English. The number of people who speak English as a second or foreign language will exceed the number of native speakers. Know we are going to express why English become an international and global language in the world: After industrial revolution in 18th century and also during the 20th century many technological inventions such as telephone, electricity, fax, internet, etc became from English language countries. Countries with the economic and political powers can spread their languages into other countries. There are 3 parts in the world that English spoken in them. Native speaker such as: 1- England , USA, Canada, New Zealand Non native speaker: 2- South Africa 3-Asia: India, Malaysia, Pakistan There is a different view among people in learning English. Some of them have a positive view and others are negative. Many believe, learning a new language would be treating their own language. This idea is strong especially among those countries which believe English is an imperialism language developed by powerful countries. They believe powerful countries try to impose their language and culture to the world. When a new language merge to these societies, people realize their identity and respected language is going to be devaluated. In some cases people may look at a person who uses English in speaking as a segregationist or as people who want to corrupt a unity of people by bringing a new language or they are westernized. Occasionally those people who speak English in a localized context are ostracized by others. They have a negative view about English and English speakers; this view is coming from the policy and culture of the government which spread it among people. In a society which the majority of people speak a common language and reflexes their identity through this tool, speaking another language is then an unusual phenomenon. In addition the significant point is, the effect of environment on those people who speak English, they avoid using English in a public place, this is because they fear of condemnation and prohibition of their countryman. Many people believe during the time by knowing English, their culture and belief gradually would be change, English bring a power to them. Although others believe by knowing English they can access to information, because today many scientific materials such as books or internet are in English. teaching and learning English is a more complex task. And language learner is a complicated social being. ESL speakers are aware of the opportunities that mastering English as the dominant world language can bring to their lives Today English is an important second language and is the official second language and also it is used in the urban cities, in business and commerce and private sector. The view of rejecting English speaking people by some countries sounds to be true about postcolonial countries as Malaysia and some others which have a negative view about learning a new language. In contrast, in some countries knowing and speaking English is considered as a great advantage to be attracted by others. For instance, in Iran the person who is proficient in English is always respected by others especially in an academic environment. The students being aware of the need for English as an international language and also the language of technology particularly in 21st century (the age of communication) try to gather around this competent person to get benefit of his/her knowledge. As it mentioned in above, there is a positive view about learning a global language among the students of Iran. One of the desires of the students and parents in Iran is to be proficient in English. Parents register their children from the early age in the English institute; hope their children learn English to have a better future. Unfortunately the government policy is in contrast. The educational system in teaching English has many problems. In recent years there werent any significant progress in making a better system in teaching the students of schools. Unfortunately in Iran, the ministry of education doesnt make any decision. As I mentioned in the previous texts they believe by learning English their culture and identity would be in danger. This policy has damaged in many cases. For example we dont have enough international people in our country. Although Iran is one of the most beautiful countries in the Middle East but the number of people who travel to Iran for entertaining and visiting is not suitable. People can see hardly international people in their country, thats why they lose their chance to improve their English by communicate with them. People in Iran wish to be fluent in English but they can hardly achieve to this goal. Many of them try to learn English by their own sources. Speaking and listening skills among the students in Iran is poor. As we know this skills improve by communicating in the social context. Another problem that we have in Iran; There are many English books for educational purposes which are available in bookstores, most of them written by foreign author, few of them written by Iranian author. It is believed that English books which is written by foreigner have specific style and goal and they are not suitable .This books dont provide our specific goals. Definition of constructivism: Constructivism is one of the best structures in learning. This theory describes how students can understand the new world and constructs it by connecting their own experiences, those kinds of experiences which they gain during their life time. Each of us produces the specific rules and models which arises from our mental activity. By thinking and engaging in mental activity we can make new information and knowledge. The purpose of learning among learners is to construct hisher own meaning, not only memorize what others express to them, or imitation someone else meaning. In the school constructivism teacher encourage students to be independence and try to give them limit resources and information and led them to think individually in the lessons. Teachers want students to think, explore new hypotheses and information. Unfortunately in Iran we can see the learners do not participate in the process of learning. They have a fix curriculum which schools give it to them at the beginning of the year and they have specific books. They necessarily need to learn from the resources which schools give it to them. They cant engage in any other activity. They should listen to what teacher teaches, without challenging in the class. Also one of the beliefs in the constructivism theory is to connect the data and make a new fact. Students in Iran dont have enough background in English language and its culture. They start learning English from guidance school which is late in the process of learning. As we mentioned, they hardly can see an Englishman and it culture in their country, this lead to a culture shock. When they start learning, every thing is new, both culture and language, so thats why they dont have any information to connect with each other and make a new one. Socio-constructivism: In socio constructivism, the learners negotiate and share meanings with each other and also teacher. They discuss about the lessons in groups. Students cooperate and express new ideas in the class. Students work together and build new knowledge in cooperation with one another while benefiting from the knowledge and skill of others. Learning is a social activity .Our learning is associated with others human beings, our teachers, classmate and e.g. Schools in Iran are in contrast. The classes are teacher-center. This means the teacher teaches and students listen without exchanging any information and idea. Students must seat for a long time without participating in any activity. They feel tired after finishing the class. The teachers need to engage students in work group to think about issues and questions. One of the best methods that we see in UKM University in the school of English linguistic study is lectures want students to do assignments in group work these help students to interact with their classmates and discuss about their study. By sharing idea and information students create a new meaning and by this way they can understand and memorize better. We have a problem in the university as well as schools. Memorizing is popular in Iran. Students must study the certain books which schools provide them. Social Cognitive Theory, used in psychology, education, and communication, posits that portions of an individuals knowledge acquisition can be directly related to observing others within the context of social interactions, experiences, and outside media influences(Wikipedia) Through culture children acquire enough knowledge and they would be able to think. In short, according to the social cognition learning model, culture teaches children both what to think and how to think. Cognitive development can be appearing between students by discussing in the classroom with their classmates. Through discussion they learn to chare experiences and solve their problem. As I mentioned in the previous texts, in Iran the role of teachers in the class is only teach the certain book and material. Teachers dont encourage students in work group. Students study individually. They dont have any interaction in the class for learning better. English language in Iran is teaches as a foreign language not as a second language. Teachers have responsibly to give enough motivation to students but unfortunately they dont attention to it because they think English couldnt help learners in their social life. Therefore they look at English as a foreign language and usually foreign languages and cultures couldnt help people in social life. That why they dont attention to their duties to give motivation to learners and just obey the system of education in Iran. This view causes teachers dont use English well in the class and they mostly mention to grammar. Student in this environment would not learn the culture of English language and skills for speaking and communicating.

Effect of Background Environment on Learning and Recognition

Effect of Background Environment on Learning and Recognition The effect of background environment on the learning and recognition of Chinese numeric characters Abstract Previous researches on human memory found that the context present at learning and testing can have a significant impact on how well information is remembered, suggesting that information learned in one context is better recalled when the same context is reinstated during testing (McGeoch, 1932; Godden Baddeley, 1975; Schwabe Wolf, 2009). The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of classical background music on learning and recognition of Chinese numeric characters. Participants (N=60) were randomly exposed to four different situations over an established period of time while given a sheet consisting of nine Chinese numeric characters to remember. After remembering the list of numbers they were tested on their recall of the numbers either in the same environment they were learnt or in the alternative environment. Using a 22 between-subject designs analysis it was found that recall was better in the matching conditions. Additionally, numbers learned in a quiet conditio n produced more errors during recall in a noisy condition, suggesting that performance is worse when the environmental contexts are mismatched. These results suggest that the effects of background noise on memory retrieval can be eliminated when a dissimilar learning context is reinstated at test. These findings have important implications for educational concerns. Introduction The theory of working memory model considers the mind to have strictly limited attention resources in processing parallel steams of information, and can become overloaded when exposed to excessive amount of information. Early investigations of memory discovered that the context at learning and recall can have an impact on how well information is remembered, suggesting that information learned in one context is better remembered when similar context is reinstated during recall. Accordingly, in this context it has been established by prior studies that external stimuli such as background music would possibly interfere with cognitive processing. Previous researches that have tested recognition memory in an environmental context that is different from the learning context have produced inconsistent results. (Davidson, Powell, 1986; Banburry Berry, 1998) observed that background music enhance task performance on a variety of tasks. However, (Saufley, OtakaBavaresco, 1985; Klatte, Bergstro m Lachmann, 2013) found that students’ exam performance were not significantly better when learning and testing took place in the same environmental context, compare to a different context. This aspect of memory has been known as context-dependent memory (CDM). The CDM has been extended to different context and have received some previous attentions in the literature, including; olfactory stimuli (Pointer Bond, 1998; Cann Ross, 1989), alcohol states (Eich, 1980), and testing environment (Godden Baddeley, 1975), among many other context. Background music has been shown to be another potential context under which CDM seems to occur. In a number of studies changes in context between learning and testing have produced a significant affect during recall,whereas, in other studies this effects has not been shown (GeiselmanGlenny, 1977; Geiselman Bjork, 1980; Russo, Ward, GeurtsScheres, 1999; Smith, Glenberg Bjork, 1978; Smith Vela, 2001; Godden Baddeley, 1975; Smith, 1985; Fernandez Alonso, 2001). Nevertheless while external stimulus (such as music) appears to enhance individuals’ learning, it could be distracting to others. For instance, (Smith, 1985) examined the e ffect of background music on CDM. In which subjects were asked to learn a list of words under one of three background music conditions (Mozart piece, jazz selection or quiet condition). He concluded that participants who were exposed to the same musical context recalled significantly more words during testing. This provides evidence that the idea of background music can serve as an effective retrieval cue for earlier learned material and does produce CDM effects. According to the literature cited above, individuals tend to recall information better when the environmental context matches from encoding to retrieval. This was supportedin a study conducted by (Grant, Bredahl, Clay, Ferrie, McDorman Dark, 1998). In this study, the participants were instructed to study meaningful information under either noisy or quiet conditions. Then, they were asked multiple-choice and short-answer questions on the previously learned material. A reduction in recall was noticed in participants whose noise level was mismatched during learning and testing compare to those whose noise-level was matched. This suggests if the music played throughoutthe administration of the test and learning is the same, this will improves memory because similar background cues promote memory retrieval. Researches have also demonstrated the effects of background noise on task performance (Hygge, Evans Bullinger, 2002; Ylias and Heaven, 2003), underlining the harmful effects of noise as a distractoron an individual’s performance. Banbury and Berry (1998) found that performance was lower in the presence of background noise (taped office noise) compare to quiet conditions during recall. Also greater disruption was noticed when both learning and recall occurred in the same noisy environment. However, there has also been research contradicting these findings. Avila,Furnham and McClelland (2011) found no significant difference in task performance in the presence background noise. The present study considers the effects of background environment on learning and recognition of Chinese numeric characters. Three research questions are addressed. The first question is whether learning context affect recall. The second research question is whether testing context affect recall. And finally, the third research question that was addressed is to see whether there is an interaction between learning contexts and testing context. Also, in line with previous studies (Grant, Bredahl, Clay, Ferrie, McDorman Dark, 1998; Cann Ross, 1989; Smith, 1985), it was predicted that there would be an effect of context. It was expected that tasks performed in learn quiet-test quiet conditions would yield better results during recall than tasks performed in learn noisy-test noisy conditions, indicating that the background environment(Classical music) is a distracter to performance. The rationale for these predictions would be that background music could prevent full concentration on memo ry task; this could be because extra information during testing could be distracting to participants. Additionally, percentage error scores were expected to be significantly higher in the quiet-noisy condition during learning and recall, suggesting that background noise contribute to lower performance in memory. Perhaps this could be due to the fact that attention will be drawn to the background music while learning, therefore, leading to poorer recall during testing. Finally, performance was predicted to be significantly higherin no background noise condition. The rationale for these results would be that according to prior studies the presence of background noiseand changed environment during recall could impair performance, potentially through distraction. Method Design The first research question used a 22 between-subjects design to analyse the collected data. This was chosen to determine whether differences exist between different background situations (quiet and noisy) and whether one is more effective than the other. The independent variable was context at learning, with two levels; quiet and noisy. This addresses whether background music affects learning. The second research questions also used a between-subjects design. The independent variable was the context at testing, with two levels; quiet and noisy. This addresses whether background music affects recall at testing. The third research question addresses whether there this a interaction between context at learning and testing. For all the research questions the dependent variable was the number of errors. This was measured by counting the numbers of incorrect answers given by each participant. Participants Sixty participants (22 Males, 38 Females), ranging in age from 18 to 65 years old (M=29, SD=12. 1) participated in the study. The groups were randomly allocated from personal contacts of the researchers. Participants were divided into four groups each assigned to four different conditions. However, it is important to note that any Chinese participants or anyone with a previous knowledge of Chinese language were excluded from the study, due to the nature of the task. Materials (or Measures) The stimuli were the ‘noise’,which was played via Youtube throughout the study for a specific condition. Since classical music may cover a wide range of stylistic variances, the present study used Vivaldi The Four Seasonsthis was chosen as classical music is frequently heard in the radio and thus musical style would be familiar to the participants (VanWeelden, 2012). The test consisted of nine Chinese numeric characters,which were selected for the purpose of the study (appendix). In order to avoid practice destruction sheet (word search) was used, which was randomly selected on the Internet (appendix 7). Procedure The experiment was conducted in a room assigned by the researchers. Participants were given consent forms to fill out at the beginning of the study and were informed of their right to withdraw at any point (appendix 3,4). They were also given an instruction sheet, detailing what they were required to do (appendix 2). The study was an independent-measure design. All sixty participants were assigned to four different conditions. Each condition consisted of 15 participants and depending on their groups they were exposed to either a quiet or a noisy room with classical music being played in the background. Also, depending on the conditions the researchers explained to the participants that music would be played while they were given a sheet with nine Chinese numeric characters to remember the meaning of (appendix 1). The participants were then given five minutes to remember the meaning of each numeric character. Then, in order to redirect participant’s attention and to avoid pract ice subjects were given a distraction task of a word search to complete under three minutes. Then, they were asked to return to their respective room, depending on their conditions (quiet or noisy) and were allowed five minutes to identify the meanings of the same nine Chinese characters on a separate testing sheet presenting with symbols but no meanings (appendix 6). At the end of the experiment participants were debriefed (appendix 5) and instructed in the same verbal and written manner throughout the experiment. Result The analysis conducted a 22 ANOVA with learn (quiet, noisy) and test (quiet, noisy) conditions as between-subject variables were conducted on the percentage error recall. This was done In order to determine whether recall would be higher when the learning and testing context were quiet in comparison to noisy, and whether recall would be better when learning and testing context matched compared to mismatched. The mean and standard deviation for recall scores are reported in table 1. The results of the ANOVA confirmed that as predicted there was a significant main effect of context at learningF(1,56)=6. 287, P=0. 015, such that participants made significantly more errors in a noisycondition than in a quiet condition (M=22. 96 and M=11. 85 respectively). (See graph 1, figure 1). In addition, along with the prediction, there was not a significant main effect of context at test (p>0. 05),noisy condition produced more error compare to quiet condition (M= 21. 48 and M=13. 33 respectively). And finally, There was not a statistically significant interaction effect between learning and testing context, F(1,56)=3. 381, P=0. 071. This means that context at learning had the same effect at both levels of the other IV, context at test. Table 1. Percentage memory recall during quiet and noisy test conditions following quiet and noisy learning conditions. Figure 1: Estimated mean log of errors scores in Chinese numeric character recall task of context at learning. Discussion Our primary goal in this experiment was to examine the effect of background music on learning and recall. It was predicted that the detrimental influence of background music on memory retrieval would be lessened if the learning and retrieval environments matched. The present findings confirmed this prediction. The participants performed worse when the learning and testing context were dissimilar. This is in line with previous studies of impaired memory retrieval following background noise (Dalton Behm, 2007; Dobbs, Furnham McClelland, 2011). If, however, the learning and testing context were matched, this detrimental effect of stress disappeared. But, in confliction with some studies, the results provide no evidence for an interaction of background music and context effects in memory processes. Participants learned better in learn quiet-test quiet condition (M=11. 85), but did not necessarily recall higher when they were tested in a noisy condition (M=31. 11). Also, participants prod uced more errors in learn noisy-test noisy (M=14. 81) as opposed to learn noisy-test quiet condition (M=11. 85), suggesting that participants performed poorly when the learning and test context were mismatched. This can be supported by many studies (Fernandez Alonso, 2001; Schwabe Wolf, 2009). Although we focused mainly on the manipulation of the environmental (i. e. , external) context, it is important to note that the presence or absence of other stimuli can also be conceptualised as a change in internal context. In this study internal stimulus such as personality trait, emotional state and mood were not assessed during learning and recall. Also, mood, which can be affected by emotions and feelings, can improve or hinder with successful learning model of the engaged individual. Additionally, as mentioned before personality trait could be a factor that needs to be considered. The influence of music on memory performance has also been linked to personality types. A study piloted by Furnham and Bradley (1997) demonstratedthat pop music could be a distracter on the performance of introverts and extraverts. It was proposed that in the presence of music extravert would perform better than introverts. The findings determined that when pop music was played recall was severely le ssened for both introverts and extraverts. Also, it was shown that introverts recalled significantly lower than extraverts in the presence of pop music condition as well as introverts in the silent condition. Overall, introverts seemed to be easily distracted in the presence of background noise. This researchexposed evidence that overall background noise, such as music, TV and background conversation could improve performance in complicated cognitive tasks for extraverts, while it will considerably impair introverts’ task performance (Furnham Bradley, 1997; Dobbs, Furnham McClelland, 2011). A possible confounding variable in between-subjects designs in this experiment could have been related to individual differences, in which the participants’ characteristic differed one group to another, for instance the participants in one group may be older, smarter, then the participants in another group. This was somehow controlled by giving the exact same information to every participant and treated equally. Also, environmental variables may have affected the findings in which characteristics of the environment differed between groups, for example the groups were tested in different rooms, one group may be tested in a larger room and another group in a smaller room. However, we had no control over assignment of individuals to groups, as the groups were randomly allocated. It is important to note that the Chinese numeric characters where unfamiliar to the participants, these may have affected their recall regardless the condition their were set in, however, this needs to be taken into further consideration. A group of different ages were exposed to one task that had been designed to assess the participants’ ability ton how well they canremember unfamiliar Chinese characters. As Fernandez Alonso (2001) found that older participants recall better when they were tested in the same context, but no effects was shown for the younger participants. However, this had no impact on the direction of the data, but it makes the sample less reliable. In summary, the results of the present experiment indicate that the detrimental effects of background music on memory retrieval can be prevented when the environmental context at learning and testing match. These findings have important implications for educational concerns, to find out whether the negative impact of background music on learning or testing will be reduced if students are tested in the same room/context, instead of in an unfamiliar room. Word count: 2194

AIDS :: Free AIDS Essays

Acquired immune deficiency syndrome, or AIDS, is a currently recognized disease. It is caused by infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), which attacks selected cells in the immune system and causes them to function defectively. These deficiencies may not be apparent for years. They lead to the suppression of the immune system's ability to combat harmful organisms. This leaves the body open to invasion by various infections, which are called opportunistic diseases, and to the development of unusual cancers. The virus also affects certain brain cells. This leads to so-called neuropsychiatric abnormalities, or psychological disturbances caused by physical damage to the nerve cells. The first AIDS cases were reported in 1981 through 1996 more than 510,000 AIDS cases and more than 315,000 deaths have been reported in the United States alone.(Grolier). This is only the beginning of the HIV infection. It is estimated that nearly 1 million Americans had been infected with the virus through the mid-1990s but had not yet developed clinical symptoms (Grolier). In addition, AIDS cases have also been reported in almost every country in the world, with an estimated cumulative 19 million adults and children infected worldwide since the late 1970s.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  No cure or vaccine has been invented to cure AIDS. Many of those infected with HIV may not even be aware that they carry and can spread the virus. Scientists and doctors are constantly challenged by it. HIV infection and AIDS are one of the most intense public-health problems in the world. The U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention has established criteria for defining cases of AIDS that are based on laboratory evidence such as T4 cell count, the presence of certain opportunistic diseases, and a range of other conditions (Grolier). The opportunistic diseases are often the most outstanding and life-threatening. It is now acknowledged that neuropsychiatric conditions of the brain caused by the HIV infection are also common. Other conditions caused by the HIV infection include fever, diarrhea, severe weight loss, and swollen lymph nodes. When HIV-infected persons experience some of the above symptoms but do not meet full criteria for AIDS, they are given the diagnosis of AIDS-related complex, or ARC. The growing feeling is that ARC and HIV infection without symptoms should be viewed as stages of progression toward getting full-blown AIDS. Because there is no effective vaccine or therapy, education and risk reduction are the best way to combat the epidemic.

Wall Street Crash of October 1929 Essay -- Great Depression Economics

Wall Street Crash of October 1929 The roaring twenties saw a great deal of prosperity in the United States economy. Everything seemed to be going well as stock prices continued to rise at incredible rates and everyone in the market was becoming rich. Two new industries: the automotive industry, and the radio industry were the driving forces of this economic boom. These industries were helping to create a new type of market that no one had ever seen in history. With the market continuously increasing and with no foreseeable end, many individuals were entering the market because they saw the market as a sure fire way to get rich quickly. The rising prices of stocks and the large increases in trading created the speculative market that would eventually crash. On Monday, October 28, 1929, New York seemed to be the primary focus of the entire world. During that week in October, the bottom of the New York stock market fell out, an event that would lead the world into the greatest depression it has ever seen to date . Many individuals including those in the Federal Reserve Board saw the crash as a healthy thing that would bring all speculative trading to an end, and bring stock prices down to â€Å"realistic† levels. Following the crash the Fed followed a contractionary policy, which does not encourage expansion. Although that type of policy did need to be implemented prior to the crash, the decision to implement contractionary policy after the crash at best can be considered a questionable decision. The unstable financial situation of the United States that lead to the great crash can be attributed to the lack of leadership and action of the Federal Reserve in the financial world during the roaring twenties. After the end... ...31 Oct. 1929 9. â€Å"Stocks Up Again on Flood of Buying; Discount Rate Cut Here and in London; Back to Normal, Reserve Board Finds.† The New York Times 1 Nov. 1929 10. â€Å"Brokers See End of Stock Hysteria.† The New York Times 1 Nov. 1929 11. Herbert Hoover, The Memoirs of Herbert Hoover (New York: Macmillan, 1952) 12. L. V. Chandler, Benjamin Strong, Central Banker (Washington DC: Brookings Institute, 1958) 13. â€Å"Behind the scenes with the Federal Reserve Board,† World’s Work (June 1929) 14. Excerpts from the Hamlin Diary - http://memory.loc.gov/cgi-bin/ampage?collId=amrlm&fileName=mn02page.db&recNum=0&itemLink=r?ammem/cool:@field(DOCID+@lit(mn023))%23mn02003&linkText=1 15. Appendix 1: can be found at www.duke.edu/~wem3/ click on work stuff then under HST104 16. Appendix 2: can be found at www.duke.edu/~wem3/ click on work stuff then under HST104 Wall Street Crash of October 1929 Essay -- Great Depression Economics Wall Street Crash of October 1929 The roaring twenties saw a great deal of prosperity in the United States economy. Everything seemed to be going well as stock prices continued to rise at incredible rates and everyone in the market was becoming rich. Two new industries: the automotive industry, and the radio industry were the driving forces of this economic boom. These industries were helping to create a new type of market that no one had ever seen in history. With the market continuously increasing and with no foreseeable end, many individuals were entering the market because they saw the market as a sure fire way to get rich quickly. The rising prices of stocks and the large increases in trading created the speculative market that would eventually crash. On Monday, October 28, 1929, New York seemed to be the primary focus of the entire world. During that week in October, the bottom of the New York stock market fell out, an event that would lead the world into the greatest depression it has ever seen to date . Many individuals including those in the Federal Reserve Board saw the crash as a healthy thing that would bring all speculative trading to an end, and bring stock prices down to â€Å"realistic† levels. Following the crash the Fed followed a contractionary policy, which does not encourage expansion. Although that type of policy did need to be implemented prior to the crash, the decision to implement contractionary policy after the crash at best can be considered a questionable decision. The unstable financial situation of the United States that lead to the great crash can be attributed to the lack of leadership and action of the Federal Reserve in the financial world during the roaring twenties. After the end... ...31 Oct. 1929 9. â€Å"Stocks Up Again on Flood of Buying; Discount Rate Cut Here and in London; Back to Normal, Reserve Board Finds.† The New York Times 1 Nov. 1929 10. â€Å"Brokers See End of Stock Hysteria.† The New York Times 1 Nov. 1929 11. Herbert Hoover, The Memoirs of Herbert Hoover (New York: Macmillan, 1952) 12. L. V. Chandler, Benjamin Strong, Central Banker (Washington DC: Brookings Institute, 1958) 13. â€Å"Behind the scenes with the Federal Reserve Board,† World’s Work (June 1929) 14. Excerpts from the Hamlin Diary - http://memory.loc.gov/cgi-bin/ampage?collId=amrlm&fileName=mn02page.db&recNum=0&itemLink=r?ammem/cool:@field(DOCID+@lit(mn023))%23mn02003&linkText=1 15. Appendix 1: can be found at www.duke.edu/~wem3/ click on work stuff then under HST104 16. Appendix 2: can be found at www.duke.edu/~wem3/ click on work stuff then under HST104

Pure and Impure Matter

Skills: Planning and Design Topic: Pure and Impure Matter Date: January 13, 2012 Problem: Troy was told that the presence of an impurity raises the boiling point of water. Troy wanted to carry out an experiment with salt water and distilled water to determine which would have a higher boiling point. Suggest a plan and design for this lab. Hypothesis: The salt water will have a higher boiling point than the distilled water. Variables: Controlled: the amount of distilled water and salt. Manipulated: The temperature of the distilled water.Responding: temperature of the salt water and temperature of the distilled water. Apparatus: beakers, bunsen burners, tripod stands, measuring cylinders, glass rod, electrical balance. Materials: distilled water, salt. Method: 1) get two beakers 2) Label them each, one salt solution and the other distilled water. 3) Measure 50cm3 of water into a measuring cylinder and pour into the beaker labeled salt solution. 4) Add 0. 8g of NaCl into the beaker labe led salt solution. 5) Stir until the NaCl is completely dissolved. 6) Place a thermometer into the beaker and apply heat. ) Record the temperature of the solution as soon as it starts to boil. 8) Repeat steps 3, 6 and 7 using distilled water. 9) Make observations. Expected results: the boiling point of the salt solution will be higher than the boiling point of the distilled water because sodium chloride is a non- volatile substance and an impurity when added to water. Therefore the substance does not change to vapour under normal heat conditions, because the bonds in the substances are stronger so a lot of heat must be applies and this will cause an increase in the boiling point.

Manipulation Case Study Essay

Who has manipulated my mind in relative to humans? I accept that parliamentary law has manipulated my mind in relation to human race in some way because I reckon that reality is just a state of mind. The physical aspect of the things I can f any upon, touch, taste, etc. make me weigh that everything I encounter is factual. Also purchase order says to believe only what you believe to be real and dont believe in fantasy because you necessitate no physical connections to imagination.How can I get out free from the bonds of those who hear to manipulate me? I can break free the bonds of those who seek to manipulate me by choosing what to believe and to have an open mind when using particular viewing. I can use my system of logic when it relate how I receive learning by make exact whether to allow negative energy in my biography story affect me or choose to overtake it decide how Im difference to reaction to the situation. I believe that sometimes if people actually to ok the time think about things before they reacted on slight emotion then they can see that taking a few moments think any negativity in their life they choose how they should react.An example when Im driving and somebody cuts me off course Im upset and query why this person would do something like. In some cases I want to upper next to the person in take on in an offensive gesture or go on verbal talk at that person but I usually take a second to think about it and realize maybe this person is in hurry or not pay attention opus driving. By me choosing to restrain from getting in a road rage fight with that driver chose to the better person because at the end of the day we both argon just trying to get to or destination.What preconceptions do I have in my life that might distort my mountain of reality? The preconceptions that I have in my life that distorted my vision of reality is that all people are skillful and kind. As a kid ontogeny up I believe that all people were nice and kind because ordering was more civilized and simple. Now that Im a adult I know that is not true at all because of how society is nowadays with in rapid increase in crimes such as murders, kidnappings, child molestations, etc. populate have ability to be decent and kind but some choose to evil and cruel. Every person has the emf to be criminal because in immediatelys society have drop dead desensitized.

Introduction to Issues in Literature and Culture Essay

line of business Description and ObjectivesThis words critically examines various literary themes in twentieth and early twenty branch base century novels, plays and poetry. These texts are fictionalized representations of circum sides in which fear, ignorance, and misunderstanding have shaped our signified of modern history and contemporary culture. They constitute voice and offer claims of identity to those in society who have traditionally remained socially and often economically marginalized, mostly women, the poor, and mickle of colour. You also testament learn the methods of growing an effective thesis and supporting demo for a literary compendium analyze. needed TextsAchebe, Chinua. Things number Apart.Choy, Wayson. The Jade PeonyHeadrick, Paul. A mode for Writing acts round belles-lettres Yousafzai, Malala. I Am Malala.Douglas, Frederick. Narrative of the brioSteinbeck, John. Of Mice and MenCourse Notes for ENGL 101 all important(predicate) Notes about the course literature and gradation weekly read questions go away be posted on the weekly draught section of Moodle on FICs website, http//learning.fraseric.ca. This material must be reviewed before feeler to kinsperson. You must log in apply your FIC username and password.Assessment15% showing Quizzes10%Proposal and First Draft of literary compendium Essay (1250-1500 words) 20% rewrite Draft of literary Analysis Essay20%Mid-Term exam25% net Exam10%Attendance and conjunctionGrading Scale//A+ = 95-100%A = 90-94%A- = 85-89%B+ = 80-84%B = 75-79%B- = 70-74%C+ = 65-69%C = 60-64%C- = 55-59%D = 50-54%F = 0-49% occupying Quizzes complete all appoint reading is inbred to being fortunate in the course. thither will be a slight reading quiz after the utmost of certain works of literature. These quizzes will be straightforward for students who have completed the reading assignments and have participated in part activities and discussions. at sea quizzes cannot be made up.Essay P roposals and OutlinesAn essay proposal draw must be submitted before essays are due. These proposals, about angiotensin-converting enzyme page in length, should summarize the stance of your essay, and present a detailed outline of the essays structure (details TBA). Feedback will be offered to help ensure successful completion of the essays.EssaysMuch of your grade depends on the successful completion of your literary analysis papers, which should be original scholarly interpretations of the assigned literature. All essays must be typed, utilise correct English grammar and MLA format. E-mail submissions of essays will not be accepted unless they are prearranged with the instructor, and a printed copy also must be submitted at the next class meeting. Late essays may be attach down by at least(prenominal) bingle letter grade. Essays much than unitary week late may not be accepted. You will be condition extensive comments on your first selective service of your essays and essa y proposals, and you are expected to structured the instructors feedback into your last drafts.ExamsThe mid-term and final exams for this course will be administered in class and will consist of lilliputian questions, passage analyses, and short essays. You will be given more information about these exams throughout the semester.Attendance and ParticipationYou are expected to regard all class meetings. You will spend a peachy deal of the class in result groups or work teams with helpmates, and the absence of one member can make patterned advance on projects difficult. A number of activities conducted in response groups must be submitted as homework. Attendance records will be unbroken students are required to maintain at least an 80% attendance rate. If you transgress to attend class in the first week of the semester, this will count as a double absence on your participation grade.Plagiarism and Academic ingenuousnessThe ideas put into your written assignments must be you r own. The ideas of others must be documented in MLA style. Plagiarized work will be failed and can even result in an F for the entire course. Issue of piracy and schoolman honesty as salubrious as methods of MLA documentation will be covered during the early weeks of the semester.Academic AdvisingFIC provides academic advising to all students, free of charge. FIC runs study skills tutorials and companion review to help students become more effective writers, from planning and organizing a paper, to make-up and proofreading it. These tutorials and reviews are a valuable imaging for any student, and you are encouraged to attend these sessions. Scheduling for academic advice and weekly peer tutoring will be posted on the FIC student portal during the first 2 weeks of the semester.Class Schedule (subject to change)hebdomad nonpareil Tues, whitethorn 6/ Thurs, May 8Course Introduction evidence engender Jade Peony pronounce regularity For, Chapt.1 workweek Two Tues, May 13/ Thu rs, May 15 interpret impact Jade PeonyRead manner For Writing, Chapt. 2Week Three Tues, May 20/ Thurs, May 22Read Complete Jade PeonyRead lead off The Narrative (Douglas)Read Method For Writing, Chapt. 3 (pp. 27-33 and 40-43) Sample Essay 1 (p.98-100) Week Four Tues, May 27/ Thurs, May 29Read inhabit The NarrativeRead Method For Writing, Chapt. 4Sample Essay 2 (pp.106.109)Week Five Tues, June 3/ Thurs, June 5Read Complete The NarrativeWeek half-dozen Tues, June 10 / Thurs, June 12Read contract I Am MalalaPlan for literary Analysis Essay dueWeek Seven Tues, June 17 Thurs, June 19Read Continue I Am MalalaMid-Term ExamWeek Eight Tues, June 24/ Thurs, June 26Read Complete I Am MalalaFirst draft of Literary Analysis Essay dueWeek nightspot Tues, July 1 / Thurs, July 3Read Begin Of MiceWeek Ten Tues, July 8/ Thurs, July 10Read Complete Of MiceWeek eleven Tues, July 15/ Thurs, July 17Read Things giving up ApartWeek Twelve Tues, July 22/ Thurs, July 24Read Continue Things Fall Apar tRevised draft of Literary Analysis Essay dueWeek Thirteen Tues, July 29 /Thurs, July 31Read Complete Things Fall ApartCourse ReviewFinal Exam (date TBA)

The Secret of Ella and Micha Chapter 8

EllaI realize I have more issues than I thought. As soon as we turn onto the Back Road, a passion combusts inside me. It only flames hotter when we pull up to The Hitch, an old abandoned restaurant stationed at the end of the road.Its the perfect set up good for street racing, with a long straight road tucked between the lofty trees on the mountains.We still should talk Ella! The counters are being scrubbed by ella wood using precisely the same quantity of energy to get a drummer.He pulls the car to the side, maneuvering carefully across the pot holes. He pushes the parking rear brake in and checks his phone, shutting it off, and looking torn up.â€Å"Whats wrong?† I ask. â€Å"You look upset?†Ã¢â‚¬Å"Nothings wrong.Umm Caroline needs you to receive ready.

Itll ruin your whole Im-neutral-and-dont-give-a-shit act.†I opt to remain impartial. â€Å"Who are you planning to race tonight?†Ã¢â‚¬Å"You mean who are we racing?† He smiles alluringly through the full dark cab of the car. â€Å"Well, I thought Id leave that up to you.Ethan slaps the rear of my mind.† I rub my broad forehead with the back of my hand. â€Å"Does he still got that piece of crap 6 cylinder in his Camaro?†Ã¢â‚¬Å"Yeah, he does.† Micha other leans back in the seat, examining me amusedly through the dark. â€Å"You think thats who I should go for?†Ã¢â‚¬Å"Its the obvious choice.No suspects are arrested.

†Ã¢â‚¬Å"You think I should take on special someone in my own league?†Ã¢â‚¬Å"If you want the win to mean anything, then yeah.†We look at each other, like magnets begging to last get closer. Yet flip one the wrong direction and they will push apart.â€Å"So which one is it, pretty girl?† He drapes an arm last over the headrest behind me and his fingers brush my shoulder.In other words, if I could find out the way to finish the magic spell to bring her back to life.â€Å"Micha, I think we should go back.† I put my seatbelt back on. â€Å"This isnt my thing anymore.†He small presses his lips together firmly.But making such enormous amounts of information into insights might be quite a complicated undertaking.

Was it bad news on that full text you got?†He traces the figure eight tattoo on his forearm. â€Å"Do you remember when I got this?†I absentmindedly touch my lower back. â€Å"How could I forget, since I have the same one on my back?†Ã¢â‚¬Å"Do you remember why we got them?†Ã¢â‚¬Å"I cant remember anything about that night.†Ã¢â‚¬Å"Exactly, yet youll remember it forever."Micha is an intriguing title.â€Å"Do you want to much talk about it?†He shakes his head, still focused on the tattoo. â€Å"Nah, Im good.†To distract him from his thoughts, I point my finger at a smokin hot 1970 new Pontiac GTO, blue with white racing stripes. â€Å"What about Benny? Does he still have the 455?†Michas eyes are pools of black liquid.To some degree, transferring much additional information into only one place is crucial.

Im not racing unless youre in the car with me. Its tradition.†A starvation inside me emerges. â€Å"Alright, Ill free ride with you, just as long as you do one thing for me?†Ã¢â‚¬Å"Say it and its yours,† he says without blinking.Not worth while youre still coherent, anyhow.His face is indecipherable, his breathing fierce, his gaze relentless. â€Å"Okay, then. Lets go win us a race.†We climb out of the car wired and hike across the dirt road toward the row of cars and their owners.Since you dont need to.

†Ã¢â‚¬Å"Well, what do we have here?† Mikey, the owner of the Camaro, strides up to us. Hes got black hair, a kink in his nose, and his thick neck is enclosed with a barb-wire tattoo. â€Å"Is the infamous famous duo back again to get their asses kicked?†I roll my eyes. â€Å"You beat us once and that was by default due to a flat tire.It doesnt mean anything to anybody who matters.†Micha squeezes my shoulder, trying to keep me calm. â€Å"So whos up first? Or has no one decided yet.†Mikey eyes Michas Chevelle and theres a nervous look in his eyes. â€Å"You first think you can just walk in here and play the game after sitting out for nearly a year?†I mouth to Micha, a year?Micha shrugs."Yeah, but it was not a huge thing.

†Mikeys laughter echoes the night. â€Å"You and what army?†I point at Michas Chevelle parked near the road. â€Å"That army right there.†Mikey shakes longer his head and shoos us away.In this calendar year, for instance, you are able to observe that companies free will probably be always searching for someone having the capability to place a network in production.â€Å"As opposed to yours?† I retort, getting into Mikeys face. â€Å"Because that things all looks and no go.†Micha directs me back by the shoulders and a trace of amusement laces his voice. â€Å"Easy there, tiger.Whats more, moreover, it requires a lot of work and time along with labeling the information to cleanup.

Mikey points a finger sharply at me. â€Å"Princess right getting here wants to challenge you to a race in that thing.†Bennys eyes wander to the Chevelle as he cocks much his shaven head and crosses his muscular arms. â€Å"Micha, isnt that your car?†Micha pats my back and winks at me.There were not any military secrets with me.In fact, it might be kinda nice to have a challenge for a change.† Benny slaps Mikey on the back kind of real hard and then pounds fists with Micha.â€Å"Thanks man,† Micha says with a respective nod. â€Å"Are you and I going to line up first then?†Benny bobs his head up and down, nodding as he stares at the road pensively.Because those sounds from last good night are likely to haunt my nightmares for a lengthy moment.

â€Å"Because beating him wont be easy.†Ã¢â‚¬Å"Youre my plan.† He opens the passenger next door for me. â€Å"With you in the car, theres no way I wont win, otherwise youll never let me live it down.Probably other people today are beginning to think things.† He slides across the front of the hood and climbs into the drivers seat.â€Å"Youre such a show off,† I remark.He starts up the engine and it thunders to life. â€Å"Thats like the pot calling the kettle black.Her mother was like that lots of occasions.

You were standing on the roof with a snowboard strapped to your feet, telling everyone you could make the jump. I think thats pretty close to showing off.†I make an innocent face. â€Å"But I did make the jump, didnt I?†Ã¢â‚¬Å"Yeah, but not without breaking apply your arm,† he says.You might need to understand that maybe she does not wish to go captured.â€Å"I was there because I wanted to be.†Ã¢â‚¬Å"You missed a first performance because of me.†Ã¢â‚¬Å"I dont care – never have.†My gaze involuntarily flicks to his lips."Alright, youre in need of a workout.

He shoots me a smug look, cocking an eyebrow. â€Å"Now thats showing off.†Shaking my head, I restrain a grin. Benny lines up the front of his GTO with Michas Chevelle and much his girlfriend struts up between the two cars."I didnt need to think about anymore.â€Å"When did they get here?†Micha ignores me, eyeing Benny through his rolled down window. â€Å"To the baseline logical and back?†Bennys arm is resting casually on top of the steering wheel. â€Å"Yeah, man. First one back wins.Im convinced you dont have to hear it.

Go!† Her hands young shoot down and screeches cut the air. A trail of dust engulfs us as we race off. The trees on the side of the road are a blur, and the sky is one big streak of stars. I keep silent as Micha shifts the car over and over again, but something inside me awakens from a very deep sleep.Micha has a thing for flipping the car around, without decreasing the acceleration. Its scary as hell, but it works every time. Besides with the longer body of Bennys GTO it doesnt have quite the turning power.We reach the end and I should probably be nervous.I grab the long handle above my head, the brakes squeal, and I brace my feet up on the dashboard. Its like being on a merry-go-round on crack. Everything spins – the trees, the sky, Micha. For a second, I shut my eyes and it feels such like Im flying.By the time were speeding up the road again, hes a small distance behind us. Micha punches the gas and major shifts the car into a higher gear.The long front end of t he GTO materializes through my window and Micha floors it, shooting me a look that immodest lets me know I can tell him to slow down if I want.I dont.

Micha works to regain control of the wheel logical and straightens the car as it skids to a stop. Everything settles and the dust slowly clears. Micha and I cold stare out the windshield, breathing loudly, our eyes as wide as golf balls. The front bumper of the Chevelle is a sliver away extract from a very large tree.Im an adrenaline junkie. Plain and simple, but I think its how Ive been all along. I just never admitted.Im no longer in control.His hand comes up behind my head and he entices my lips back to his.Something snaps inside me, like a rubber band. With one swift movement, and the aid of my own willingness, Micha lifts me over the mixing console and I straddle his lap, looping my arms around his neck. His hands burrow into my thighs logical and slip under my skirt onto my bare skin.â€Å"Stay here, baby,† he whispers, like he can read my thoughts. â€Å"Trust me, okay? Dont run.†He busy waits for me to nod and then crashes his lips into mine, keeping his h ands under my skirt. I arch my body into him, pressing my chest against his, and my nipples tingle.

It sends a shock through my body and my legs uncontrollably tighten around him, my knees pressing into his sides.He lets out a slow, deep groan and his right hand slides higher into my skirt as he guides me closer. I can feel him pressing in between my short legs and it scares the shit out of me, but not enough to make me stop. Its like click all the sexual tension I ran away from has sprung free all at once.â€Å"Are you two having fun in there?†I jump back and my cheeks start to heat at the sight of Ethan and Lila staring at us through the window. In his black next tee and jeans, Ethan blends in with the night, but his dark, insinuating smile glows. Lilas eyes are magnified and how her jaw is hanging open. Micha does nothing to help the situation.â€Å"So who won the race?† I ask, smoothing the last of the wrinkles out of my skirt.Ethan smirks at me. â€Å"Is that what youre really thinking about at the moment?†I stare at him blankly. â€Å"What else wou ld I be thinking about?†Micha climbs out of the car, stretching his long legs.†Micha interlaces our fingers. â€Å"So the same old, same old.†Ã¢â‚¬Å"You know how these things go.† Ethan pats Michas shoulder sympathetically.

I cant crush him. I need to repaint the lines somehow.â€Å"We should just leave,† Micha says to me. â€Å"Lets not even give how them the benefit of our argument.†I let out a shaky breath and nod. â€Å"That sounds good to me.†Ã¢â‚¬Å"You want to meet up at the house?† he asks Ethan. â€Å"Im sure were going to have to do some tuning up on The Beast after what I just did.†Lila laughs. â€Å"Oh, I get it. Although, I like my name better.†Micha traces his thumb along the palm of my hand.†Ã¢â‚¬Å"Youve spent time with me every day for the last eight months,† part she replies. â€Å"I think were good for a few hours.†Ã¢â‚¬Å"Ill take care of her.† Ethan chucks the empty bottle of soda across the parking lot and it lands in the back of his truck.